Dental surgery is any surgical procedure performed on teeth,  jaws, gums, or other oral structures. This includes extractions,  gum grafts,  implants, and jaw surgeries. An oral and maxillofacial surgeon or a dentist usually performs oral surgery. These are dental specialists who have professional training in oral surgical procedures. A maxillofacial and oral surgeon performs surgery on the mouth, face, and jaws. A gum specialist or periodontist performs a surgical procedure on the gums and bones that maintain your teeth. Different equipment is used in oral surgery.

Periosteal Elevator—Molt:

It is used to detach the periosteum from bone following an incision or to displace the gingival tissues from around the neck of the tooth before the placement of extraction forceps. This instrument is double-ended with one round, blunted, and one pointed end. It is mainly used for surgical procedures: extractions, gingivoplasty, alveoplasty, and cyst removal.

Straight Elevators:

It has a straight handle and a working end. The single-rounded working end is available in several sizes. The sizes are referred by number—standard sizes: 1, 34, 301. It is used to loosen the tooth or root from the bony socket before extraction placement.

Angular Elevators—Cryer:

Its handles may be either large and straight or T-bar/crossbar design. It has a pointed working end and is available in several sizes. It is also called the flag elevator. It is used to loosen a tooth or root from the bony socket prior to placement of the extraction forceps.

Angular  Elevators—Crane:

This surgical instrument is used to loosen a tooth or root from the bony socket prior to placement of the extraction forceps. It has a large straight handle and is used for extraction and impaction.

Straight Root Tip Picks:

It has a tiny elevator with a thin, pointed, straight working end for tooth extraction and impaction. It is used to loosen small root fragments from the bony socket.

Angled Root Tip Picks:

It has a small elevator with a thin, pointed, angled working end for tooth extraction and impaction. It is used to loosen small root fragments from the bony socket.

Double-Ended/ Angular Curettes:

This instrument is used for tooth extraction to ensure the removal of debris and diseased tissue. It is a spoon-shaped scraping instrument, usually double-ended and angular available in several sizes.

Molt:

It has a single rounded working end with a larger diameter handle. It is used to remove tissue or debris from bony sockets and cust removal.

Hemostats:

Hemostats are used to securely hold small items, clamp blood vessels, and remove small pieces of tooth or bone. It is used in all kinds of surgical setups. It is a versatile instrument and is used in all areas of dentistry. Hemostats are angled or straight with locking scissor-like handles.

Rongeurs:

Ronguers are used to cut and contour bone—remove sharp edges of the alveolar crest after extractions for the better contour of the alveolar ridge and remove exostoses. It has a Scissor-type handle, cutting edges on the side and top of the beaks.

Bone File:

Bone file has Straight or curved working ends and crosscut or straight-cutting ridges. It is used in multiple extractions and impactions that require bone removal, tori removal, and alveoplasty To smooth bone for better contour of the alveolar ridge, often following the use of rongeurs.

Tissue Scissors—KELLY:

This scissor may be straight or curved and used to cut and remove excess or diseased soft tissue and cut sutures after knots are tied during suture placement. They are helpful in gingivoplasty, frenectomy, and multiple extractions.

Tongue And Cheek Retractors:

Retractors hold an incision or wound open during surgery. They hold back tissues and objects to maintain a clear field during the surgery. They can be handheld or self-retaining properties. They are useful in all types of surgical procedures. They are available in different kinds, including.

• Weider
• Shuman
• Minnesota
• Seldin

Surgical Aspirating Tip:

Aspirating tips have a built-in style to clear the tip of bone or tooth fragments. They are available in several diameters. They are used to maintain a clear working field by removing saliva, blood, and debris. They are of many kinds, including.

• Byrd- Self Cleaning
• Cogswell
• Frazier
• Yankeur Tonsil Aspirator

LASER:

LASER is used in frenectomy, excision of lesions, gingivoplasty, crown lengthening, and root canal therapy to remove soft tissue with minimal discomfort and bleeding. The laser also has bacteriocidal effects for enhanced wound healing.

Endosseous Implant Fixture:

This dental surgical instrument is a cylindrical, screw-shaped device made of titanium alloy. It is embedded within the alveolar bone and provides support for a dental crown, bridge, or denture. It provides a root form for the replacement of missing teeth.

Extraction Forceps:

They are used along with elevators to extract teeth. Each extraction forceps is designed for a specific area of the oral cavity. The beaks are made to fit around the cervical region of the tooth. Pointed beaks are designed to grip the furcation area. They remove teeth, tooth fragments, and root tips from the bony socket. 

Tissue Pliers—Adson:

Tissue pliers have various serrated tips for securely grasping tissue flaps. They are used to grasp and stabilize soft tissue flaps during suturing and reconstructive procedures such as gingival grafting.